The administration of probiotics to the mother may partially alter the composition of milk: changes have been shown in the lipid profile, IgA levels (increase or decrease depending on studies) and in other immunological factors as citoquinasTGF-β1 and TGF-β2. The impact and importance of this are not well known. Research on the use of probiotics for treatment of various pathological conditions, necrotizing enterocolitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, colicky pain, mastitis, breast pain, vaginitis, gastroenteritis (see specific sheet of Saccharomyces boulardii) and inflammatory bowel disease, among others, is very promising, but so far with very modest results and the lack of significant scientific level 1 evidence based. Probiotics seem to be safe, except in cases of severe maternal immune disease or severe maternal intestinal compromise. They have been administered to preterm infants to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis but evidence that orally administered can get into the milk is lacking. Breast milk is an important source of probiotics and prebiotics. Contains numerous species of saprophytic bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus salivarius, Enterococci , Lactobacilli) with immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties that inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Also, contains oligosaccharides that promote the growth of these commensal bacteria in the infant gut . Breastfeeding plays a fundamental role in the colonization of the newborn gut. During the first years of life intestinal flora of infants varies according to whether or not breastfed. See below the information of these related products: